iindaba

1. Imoto ye-dc ebhrashiweyo

Kwiimoto ezixutyiweyo oku kwenziwa ngeswitshi ejikelezayo kwishafti yemoto ebizwa ngokuba yi-commutator. Yenziwe sisilinda ejikelezayo okanye idiski eyahlulwe yangamacandelo amaninzi oqhagamshelwano lwesinyithi kwi-rotor. La macandelo aqhagamshelwe kwii-conductor windings kwi-rotor. Ii-contacts ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ezimileyo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-brushes, ezenziwe nge-conductor ethambileyo efana ne-graphite, zicinezela kwi-commutator, zenza unxibelelwano lombane olutyibilikayo kunye namacandelo alandelelanayo njengoko i-rotor ijika. Ii-brushes zibonelela ngombane ngokukhethiweyo kwii-windings. Njengoko i-rotor ijikeleza, i-commutator ikhetha ii-windings ezahlukeneyo kwaye i-directional current isetyenziswa kwi-winding ethile ukuze i-magnetic field ye-rotor ihlale ingalingani kakuhle ne-stator kwaye idale i-torque kwicala elinye.

2. Injini ye-dc engenabhrashi

Kwiimoto zeDC ezingenamabhrashi, inkqubo ye-servo ye-elektroniki ithatha indawo yee-commutator contacts ze-mechanical. I-sensor ye-elektroniki ibona i-engile ye-rotor kwaye ilawula ii-semiconductor switches ezifana nee-transistors ezitshintsha i-current kwii-windings, nokuba zijika umva kwicala lalo current okanye, kwezinye iimoto ziyicima, kwi-engile echanekileyo ukuze ii-electromagnets zenze i-torque kwicala elinye. Ukususwa kwe-sliding contact kuvumela iimoto ezingenamabhrashi ukuba zibe ne-friction encinci kwaye ziphile ixesha elide; ubomi bazo bokusebenza bunqunyelwe kuphela bubomi be-bearings zazo.

Iimoto ze-DC ezixutyiweyo ziphuhlisa i-torque ephezulu xa zimi, zincipha ngokuthe ngqo njengoko isantya sisanda. Eminye imida yeemoto ezixutyiweyo inokoyiswa ziimoto ezingenamabhulashi; ziquka ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokungakhuseleki kakhulu ekugugeni koomatshini. Ezi nzuzo ziza ngexabiso lezixhobo zokulawula ezinokuthi zingabi namandla kangako, zibe nzima ngakumbi, kwaye zibize kakhulu.

Imoto eqhelekileyo engenamabhrashi ineemagnethi ezihlala zihleli ezijikeleza i-armature esisigxina, nto leyo esusa iingxaki ezinxulumene nokudibanisa umbane kwi-armature ehambayo. Isilawuli se-elektroniki sithatha indawo ye-commutator assembly yemoto ye-DC ebhrashiweyo, etshintsha rhoqo isigaba ukuya kwi-windings ukuze igcine imoto ijika. Isilawuli senza usasazo lwamandla olunexesha elifanayo ngokusebenzisa isekethe ye-solid-state endaweni yenkqubo ye-commutator.

Iimoto ezingenabhrashi zineengenelo ezininzi kuneemoto zeDC ezibrashiweyo, kuquka umlinganiselo ophezulu we-torque xa uthelekiswa nobunzima, ukusebenza kakuhle okuvelisa i-torque engaphezulu nge-watt nganye, ukuthembeka okwandisiweyo, ingxolo encitshisiweyo, ubomi obude ngokuphelisa ukukhukuliseka kwebrashi kunye ne-commutator, ukususwa kweentlantsi ze-ionizing ezivela kwi-
i-commutator, kunye nokunciphisa ngokubanzi ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (EMI). Ukuba azikho ii-windings kwi-rotor, azilawulwa yi-centrifugal forces, kwaye ngenxa yokuba ii-windings zixhaswa yi-housing, zinokupholiswa ngokuhambisa umoya, kungadingi moya ngaphakathi kwi-motor ukuze iphole. Oku kuthetha ukuba izinto zangaphakathi ze-motor zinokuvalelwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye zikhuselwe kukungcola okanye kwezinye izinto zangaphandle.

Ukutshintsha kwenjini engenabhrashi kungenziwa kwisoftware kusetyenziswa i-microcontroller, okanye kungenziwa kusetyenziswa iisekethe ze-analog okanye zedijithali. Ukutshintsha nge-elektroniki endaweni yeebhrashi kuvumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu kunye nobuchule obungafumanekiyo kwiimoto ze-DC ezibrashiweyo, kubandakanya ukunciphisa isantya, ukusebenza kwe-microstepping ukulawula intshukumo ecothayo necolekileyo, kunye ne-torque yokubamba xa imile. Isoftware yokulawula inokwenziwa ngokwezifiso kwimoto ethile esetyenziswa kwisicelo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokutshintsha kwenjini.

Amandla aphezulu anokusetyenziswa kwi-motor engenamabhrashi anqunyelwe phantse bubushushu kuphela;[ukubonisa intsingiselo] ubushushu obuninzi buyenza buthathaka imagnethi kwaye buya konakalisa ubushushu be-windings.

Xa kuguqulwa umbane ube ngamandla oomatshini, iimoto ezingenamabhrashi zisebenza kakuhle kuneemoto ezibrashiweyo ngenxa yokungabikho kweebhrashi, nto leyo enciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla oomatshini ngenxa yokungqubana. Ukusebenza kakuhle okuphuculweyo kukhulu kwiindawo ezingenamthwalo kunye neendawo ezinomthwalo omncinci kwi-curve yokusebenza kwemoto.

Iindawo kunye neemfuno apho abavelisi basebenzisa iimoto ze-DC zohlobo lwe-brushless ziquka ukusebenza okungenasondlo, isantya esiphezulu, kunye nokusebenza apho ukuqhuma kwe-spark kuyingozi (oko kukuthi, iindawo eziqhumayo) okanye kunokuchaphazela izixhobo ezinobuthathaka kwi-elektroniki.

Ukwakhiwa kwemoto engenamabhrashi kufana nemoto yestepper, kodwa iimoto zinemahluko abalulekileyo ngenxa yokwahluka kokusetyenziswa kunye nokusebenza. Ngelixa iimoto zestepper zihlala zimiswa ngerotor kwindawo echaziweyo ye-angular, imoto engenamabhrashi idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ukujikeleza okuqhubekayo. Zombini iintlobo zeemoto zinokuba ne-sensor yendawo yerotor ukuze kufumaneke impendulo yangaphakathi. Zombini i-stepper motor kunye nemoto ye-brushless eyilwe kakuhle zinokubamba i-torque engapheliyo kwi-zero RPM.