iindaba

1. Ibrashi yemoto yedc

Kwiimoto ezibrashwayo oku kwenziwa ngotshintsho olujikelezayo kwishafti yemoto ebizwa ngokuba yi-commutator.Iqukethe i-cylinder ejikelezayo okanye i-disc eyahlulwe ngamacandelo amaninzi oqhagamshelwano lwetsimbi kwi-rotor.Amacandelo axhunyiwe kwi-conductor windings kwi-rotor.Iziqhagamshelanisi ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ezimileyo ezibizwa ngokuba ziibhrashi, ezenziwe ngecondakta ethambileyo njengegraphite, cinezela ngokuchasene ne-commutator, ukwenza unxibelelwano lombane olutyibilikayo ngamacandelo alandelelanayo njengoko i-rotor ijika.Iibhulashi zikhetha ngokukhetha umbane wombane kwii-windings.Njengoko i-rotor ijikeleza, i-commutator ikhetha i-windings eyahlukeneyo kwaye i-directional current isetyenziswe kwi-winding enikeziweyo ukwenzela ukuba i-rotor magnetic field ihlale ingahambi kakuhle kunye ne-stator kwaye idala i-torque kwicala elinye.

2. Brushless dc motor

Kwiimotho ze-DC ezi-brushless, inkqubo ye-electronic servo ithatha indawo yabafowunelwa be-mechanical commutator.Isivamvo sombane sibona i-engile ye-rotor kwaye silawula i-semiconductor switsha efana ne-transistors etshintsha i-current kwi-wingings, nokuba ibuyisela umva isalathiso sangoku okanye, kwezinye ii-motor ukuyicima, kwi-engile echanekileyo ukuze i-electromagnets yenze i-torque kwenye. ulwalathiso.Ukupheliswa koqhagamshelwano lokutyibilika kuvumela iimotor ezingenasibhrashi ukuba zibe nokruthakruthwano oluncinane kunye nobomi obude;ubomi babo bokusebenza bukhawulelwe kuphela bubomi beebheringi zabo.

Iinjini zeDC ezibrashwayo ziphuhlisa itorque enkulu xa imile, iyancipha ngokomda njengoko isantya sinyuka.Eminye imida yeenjini ezibrashwayo zinokoyiswa ziimotho ezingenabrashi;zibandakanya ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu kunye nokuchaphazeleka okuphantsi kokunxiba komatshini.Ezi zibonelelo ziza ngexabiso lezinto zombane ezinokuthi zibe lula, zintsonkothe ​​ngakumbi, kwaye zibize kakhulu.

Imoto ye-brushless eqhelekileyo inemagnethi esisigxina ejikeleza i-armature esisigxina, isusa iingxaki ezinxulumene nokudibanisa okwangoku kwi-armature ehambayo.Umlawuli we-elektroniki uthatha indawo yendibano ye-commutator ye-brush ye-DC motor, ehlala itshintsha isigaba kwii-windings ukugcina i-motor turning.Umlawuli wenza unikezelo lwamandla olunexesha elifanayo ngokusebenzisa isekethe yelizwe eliqinileyo kunenkqubo yabahambi.

Iimoto ezingenabhurashi zibonelela ngeengenelo ezininzi ngaphezulu kweenjini ze-DC ezibrashwayo, kubandakanya i-torque ephezulu kumlinganiselo wobunzima, ukonyuka kobuchule bokuvelisa i-torque ethe kratya nge-watt nganye, ukonyuka kokuthembeka, ukunciphisa ingxolo, ubomi obude ngokususa ibhrashi kunye nokhukuliseko lomhambisi, ukupheliswa kweentlantsi ze-ionizing
i-commutator, kunye nokuncitshiswa kukonke kokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic interference (EMI).Ngaphandle kwee-windings kwi-rotor, abaxhomekeke kwimikhosi ye-centrifugal, kwaye ngenxa yokuba i-windings ixhaswa yindlu, inokupholisa ngokuqhuba, ifuna ukuba kungabikho moya ngaphakathi kwi-motor ukupholisa.Oku kuthetha ukuba izinto zangaphakathi zemoto zinokuvalwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye zikhuselwe kukungcola okanye ezinye izinto zangaphandle.

Ukuguqulwa kwemoto ye-brushless kunokuphunyezwa kwisoftware usebenzisa i-microcontroller, okanye ngenye indlela inokusetyenziswa kusetyenziswa i-analog okanye i-digital circuits.Ukutshintsha nge-electronics endaweni yeebhrashi kuvumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu kunye nobuchule obungafumanekiyo ngeenjini ze-DC ezibrashwayo, kubandakanywa ukunciphisa isantya, ukusebenza kwe-microstepping yolawulo olucothayo nolucothayo, kunye netorque yokubamba xa imile.Isoftware yesilawuli inokwenziwa ngokwezifiso kwimoto ethile esetyenziswayo kwisicelo, okukhokelela ekusebenzeni kakuhle koguqulo.

Awona mandla aphezulu anokuthi asetyenziswe kwimoto engena brushless anqandelwe bubushushu kuphela;[ucaphulo olufunekayo] ubushushu obuninzi budodobalisa imagnethi kwaye buya konakalisa ukugquma kwee-windings'.

Xa uguqulela umbane kumandla omatshini, ii-motor ezi-brushless zisebenza ngakumbi kunee-motor ezixutyiweyo ngokuyintloko ngenxa yokungabikho kweebhrashi, ezinciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla kumatshini ngenxa yokungqubana.Ukusebenza okuphuculweyo kokona kukhulu kwindawo ekungathwali mthwalo kunye nomthwalo ophantsi wejika lemoto.

Imeko-bume kunye neemfuno apho abavelisi basebenzisa ii-motor ze-DC ze-brushless-eziquka ukugcinwa-simahla komsebenzi, isantya esiphezulu, kunye nokusebenza apho i-sparking inobungozi (okt imimandla eqhumayo) okanye inokuchaphazela izixhobo ezibuthathaka zombane.

Ukwakhiwa kwemoto ye-brushless kufana ne-stepper motor, kodwa ii-motor zineeyantlukwano ezibalulekileyo ngenxa yokungafani kokuphunyezwa kunye nokusebenza.Ngelixa ii-motor stepper zihlala zimiswa kunye ne-rotor kwindawo echaziweyo ye-angular, i-brushless motor idla ngokujoliswa ukuvelisa ukujikeleza okuqhubekayo.Zombini iintlobo zeemoto zinokuba ne-rotor position sensor kwimpendulo yangaphakathi.Zombini i-stepper motor kunye ne-brushless motor eyilwe kakuhle inokubamba i-torque enomda kwi-zero RPM.